The Department of Tuberculosis was established in 1947 on the basis of the 2nd city anti-tuberculosis dispensary. The first head of the department, Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor M.B. Eizenberg headed it until 1952. Later, the department was headed by Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Honored Worker of Science and Technology of the Republic, Professor Shokir Alimov from 1952 to 1976. In 1953, the base of the department was transferred to the Uzbek Research Institute of Tuberculosis. During the leadership of Professor Shokir Alimov, many scientists and specialists in the field of phthisiology have been trained in the country. He headed not only the Department of Tuberculosis, but also the Research Institute of Tuberculosis, made a significant contribution to the implementation of anti-tuberculosis measures in the republic. In 1976-1978, Candidate of Medical Sciences A.A. Akhrkhodjaev became an associate professor of the department, then in 1978-1999, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor A.A. Kalankhodjaev. Before the collapse of the former Soviet Union, the staff of the department worked together to improve the skills of thousands of phthisiologists from all over the Soviet Union.