The Department of Tuberculosis was established in 1947 on the basis of the 2nd city TB dispensary. The first head of the department, Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor M. B. Aizenberg headed it until 1952. Later, the department was headed by Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Honored Worker of Science and Technology of the Republic, Professor Shokir Alimovich Alimov from 1952 to 1976.

In 1953, the base of the department was transferred to the Uzbek Scientific Research Institute of Tuberculosis. During the leadership of Professor Shokir Alimovich Alimov, many scientists and specialists in the field of phthisiology have been trained in the country. He headed not only the Department of Tuberculosis, but also the Research Institute of Tuberculosis, made significant contribution to the implementation of anti-tuberculosis measures in the republic.

In 1976-1978, Candidate of Medical Sciences Akhrorkhodzhaev A. A. became an associate professor of the department, then in 1978-1999, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Kalankhodjayev Abdunabi Alautdinkhodzhayevich.
In 1961, the Department of "Pediatric Tuberculosis and Bone Tuberculosis" was established, which until 1983 was headed by Professor Said-Akhmedov Anvar Akhrorovich. The course of osteoarticular tuberculosis was conducted in 1961-1976 under the supervision of Associate Professor S. L. Firer.

In 1983-1992, the Department of "Pediatric Tuberculosis and Osteoarticular Tuberculosis" was headed by Professor Kabul Makhamatov. In 1992, the departments were merged into a single Department of Phthisiology.

1999- 2023 For two years the department was headed by Doctor of Medical Sciences Mukhtorov Davronbek Zuhurovich.

Since 2024, the department is headed by Doctor of Philosophy of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor Alidjanov Sarvar Kashipovich.