It was organized in 1946. The founder of the department and the first head is Professor Gordon Yakov Yakovlevich (1946-1964). He was a brilliant clinician and educator who received a medical degree at the Sorbonne University. He spoke several foreign languages and was always up to date with developments in the world of neurology. Due to this, from the very beginning, the department has adhered to the most modern principles in both scientific and teaching activities, has always been and continues to keep up with the times. By that time, he and his students were working on a new problem of damage to the nervous system in rheumatism. Under the leadership of Ya.Y.Gordon defended the dissertations of A.R.Rakhimdzhanov and Sh.Sh.Shamansurov, who later became prominent scientists, organizers and teachers. For services to the country, Prof. Gordon Ya.Ya. was awarded the title of "Honored Health Worker of the USSR". In 1964, at the initiative of Prof.A new department, the Department of Pediatric Neurology, was organized by Gordon Ya.Ya. and he headed this department, handing over the head of the former department to his student, Prof. Rakhimdzhanov A.R. In the future, he also transferred the Department of Pediatric Neurology to another of his students, Prof. Shamansurov Sh.Sh.

The founder of the Department of Neurology is Academician Rakhimjanov A.R., the head of the department until 1996

From 1964 to 1997, the department was headed by Professor, and later academician A.R.Rakhimdzhanov. He was a prominent scientist and teacher who made a huge contribution not only to the development of neurology in Uzbekistan, but also to the formation and radical renewal of the Tashkent Institute of Advanced Medical Training. Being the head of the department, he worked for 10 years as the rector of the institute.  Thanks to his efforts and initiative, a new administrative building of the institute was built with modern classrooms and an assembly hall. In addition, he was the initiator of the construction of a 5-storey neurological building at the former 15th City Clinical Hospital. Academician A.R.Rakhimdzhanov enjoyed great respect and authority among the staff of the department, neurologists and among the population as a doctor, scientist and teacher. His scientific works were devoted to the most important problems of neurology. He wrote 3 monographs and more than 300 scientific publications, and defended 3 doctoral and more than 25 PhD dissertations under his leadership. Considering the great merits of Academician A.R.Rakhimdzhanov in the organization of the work of the department, as well as its clinical bases, in 2005 the department was named after Academician A.R.Rakhimdzhanov. His services were appreciated by the state, he was awarded the Order "Badge of Honor", the badge "Excellent Health Worker" and he was awarded the title "Honored Scientist of the USSR".