The department was established in 1924 at the Central Asian State University, later the Tashkent State Medical Institute. In 1939, as an emergency medical care base with a fund of 140 beds.

During the Great Patriotic War, the department was headed by Professor G.A. Rotenberg. The main task of the department during these years was the training of military doctors. Since 1953, in connection with the retirement of Professor G.A. Rotenberg, Assoc. Prof. M.I. Gasparyan (1953-1964) was appointed head of the department.

In 1964, Muratova Khanifa Nurullovna (1964-1979) was appointed head of the department. In 1965, she was awarded the title of professor, in 1969 - the title of Honored Scientist of the USSR. Under the supervision of this person, 1 doctoral and 8 candidate dissertations were defended.

In 1975-1996, the head of the department was Associate Professor Ilyasov Shokosim Shokhizirovich. Since 1996, the department's base has been moved to the Academician V. Vokhidov Republican Specialized Center of Surgery.

From 1996 to 1998 the present, the department is headed by Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Academician Nazirov Feruz Gafurovich. After the department was relocated to the Academician V. Vakhidov Republican Specialized Center of Surgery, Academician Nazirov F.G. created unique opportunities for the development of the department, expanded the theoretical and practical base.

From 1998 to 2004, the department was headed by Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Abdulla Matkarimovich Khudaibergenov. Professor Khudaibergenov A.M., who has extensive organizational, scientific, pedagogical and practical experience, continued the traditions of the department, introducing new trends in the medicine of Uzbekistan. Thanks to all the capabilities of the base, the latest practical achievements of surgery are applied in the department.

From 2004 to 2015, the department was headed by Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Khabibulla Ataullaievich Akilov. From 1998 to 2003, Professor Akilov H.A. worked as the director of the Academician V. Vakhidov Republican Specialized Center of Surgery and also worked as a professor of the Department of Hospital Surgery and Master's Degree at the First Tashkent State Medical Institute. Since 2017, he has been the rector of the Tashkent Institute for Advanced Medical Studies and the head of the Department of Surgery and Pediatric Surgery.

Since 2015, by the decision of the Academic Council of the Tashkent Institute for Advanced Medical Studies, the 1st Department of Surgery was created on the basis of the Department of Surgery and Pediatric Surgery. To date, the 1st Department of Surgery is headed by Academician Nazirov F.G.