The Department of Surgery was established in 1932 as part of the only Tashkent Institute for Advanced Training of Physicians in Central Asia. During the Second World War, the department was headed by Professor G.A. Rotenberg, and during this period 3000 military doctors were trained. Under the leadership of Professor G.A. Rotenberg, Ph.D., Associate Professor I.A. Eskin, Ph.D. S.M. Igrov, Ph.D., associate professor M.T. Karash and assistant M.F. Saidov worked, and professor S.A. Muminov, assistant R.K. Federmesser were invited to the department.

In 1953-1964, associate professor M.N.Gasparin, in 1964-1975, doctor of medical sciences H.N.Muratova, in 1975-1996, candidate of medical sciences, associate professor Sh.Sh.Ilson headed the department.

In 1996-1998, a qualified surgeon - professor F.G.Nazirov headed the department. During the period of his leadership, high opportunities for the department were created, and theoretical and practical skills were widely applied to all surgeons of our Republic. In 1998-2004, the department was headed by Professor A.M. Khudoyberganov.

Since 2004, the department has been headed by a mature specialist - professor Kha.A.Akilov. Under his leadership, the base of the department was expanded and fully equipped with modern equipment.

From February 2005, the "Children's surgery" course, founded in 1999 under the leadership of professor A.S. Sulaymanov, was included in the department. In 1999-2000, this course was led by the corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, full member of the Kazakhstan Academy of Medical Sciences, professor A.S. Sulaymanov, in 2000-2003, candidate of medical sciences, associate professor E.I. Ilyasov, in 2004, the "Pediatric Surgery" department organized and it was headed by Professor J.B. Beknazarov.

Since 2005, the department has been named "Surgery and children's surgery", and now it is headed by professor Kha.A. Akilov, Ph.D. F.A. Dautov, Ph.D. F. Sh. Primov, Ph.D. A.U. Rakhimov, associate professor R.R. Soatov, associate professor Sh.A. Nizomov, assistant professor A.M. Fayziev and assistant professor B. N. Tilovov are working.

Currently, more than 500 scientific treatises, including monographs, patents and dissertations, have been published as a result of conducting research in the department in the field of reconstructive surgery of thoracic organs, children's emergency surgery, biliary tract, stomach-duodenal, and urinary organs. To date, the staff of the department actively participates in national and international conferences and symposia.