The department was first founded in 1946 as part of the Tashkent Medical Institute. The first head of the department was Professor L.D. Vasilenko.

Gradually, the professorial and teaching staff of the department was enriched with other leading specialists of that time, who are considered the founders of certain branches of oncology. Subsequently, the department was headed by B.N. Kalmykov (1949), Professor A.A. Epstein (1950-1952), Ph.D. T.Kh.Khasanov (1953-1959). All of the above leaders made a special contribution to the development of oncology as a separate branch of medicine and to the training of oncologists in Uzbekistan.

From 1959 to 1972, the department was headed by Professor B.L. Bronshtein, during which time the first educational and methodological programs for the training of oncologists and training cycles for the improvement of oncologists were developed. B.L. Bronstein was at the same time a “Teacher” with a capital letter and a practical surgeon - oncologist.  In addition, he was a leading scientist of that time and in 1962 he was one of the first to publish the monograph “Rectal Cancer.” During his leadership at the Department of Oncology, more than 10 doctoral and candidate dissertations on oncology were prepared.

Since 1973 Until 1986, Professor V.G. Khodzhaev worked as the head of the department of oncology. He was a leading oncologist in head and neck tumors, and was a pioneer in developing a method of regional chemotherapy for malignant tumors, in particular the head and neck organs. Using this technique, Professor V.G. Khodzhaev proved the advantage of regional chemotherapy as part of the complex treatment of malignant tumors.

Professor A.A. Fazilov has headed the Department of Oncology since 1987. to 2000  At the beginning of his activities in 1988, as part of the Department of Oncology, he opened an ultrasound diagnostics course. From this moment on, the era of introducing ultrasound in the instrumental diagnosis of tumor lesions of the human body began. During the period of activity of Professor A.A. Fazilov, more than a hundred scientific papers, about 20 candidate and 2 doctoral dissertations on the diagnosis and treatment of oncological diseases were prepared.

From 2001 to this day, the head of the department of “Oncology with ultrasound course” is Professor M.A. Gafur-Akhunov. Over the past 10 years, the department has been completely re-equipped with the necessary pedagogical equipment, new thematic cycle programs have been developed and existing ones have been revised and approved by higher authorities. A curriculum and test questions for clinical residents have been developed. During the period of activity of Professor M.A. Gafur-Akhunov, more than 300 articles were published in scientific journals, 15 candidate and 2 doctoral dissertations were prepared on early diagnosis and complex treatment of advanced stages of malignant tumors.This moment is going through the stages of registration and preparing for the defense of the 2nd dissertation for obtaining a doctorate.